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| Panoramic View of Wye River Flowing through forest beside dilapidated Tintern Abbey |
“Tintern
Abbey gives us”,
as Moody and Lovett say, “almost a complete programme of Wordsworth’s
poetic career”. The poem is especially memorable as Wordsworth’s own
exposition of his changing attitude towards nature from his early boyhood to
his mature age.
His first stage in his love of Nature was as Hudson
puts it so nicely, “simply a healthy boy’s delight in freedom and open air” which
the poet calls in the poem “the coarser pleasures of my boyish days” like
boating, skating, bird catching etc.
It was to him a mere playground giving him all these feeling of physical
sensation. Stop ford Brooke has rightly observed that in the first stage of his
acquaintance with Nature it was not he that was in search of Nature but it was
Nature who allured the boy but eluded him with its beautiful and myriad
manifestation. At this stage Nature was but,
“Secondary to my own pursuits
And animal activities and all
Their trivial pleasure” (“The prelude”)
In the second stage, his own love for nature baffled his own
power of description. He says, “I can’t paint what then I was”. The
coarser pleasure of his boyhood days and his glad animal movements were all
gone by. Nature was to him all in all. This was the stage when
“…. The sounding cataract
Haunted me like a passion: the tall rock
The mountain, and the deep gloomy wood,
Their colours and their forms, were then to me
An appetite.”
The world of eye and ear came near to him and the sensuous
beauty of nature was loved with an unreflecting passion altogether untouched by
intellectual interest. Wordsworth’s passion for sensuous pleasure found a full
expression in the cry of Keats, “O, for a life of sensation rather than
thought.”
But the mental repose of this stage was terribly shattered
by the heat and fervor of the French Revolution. He, for a moment, lost faith in nature. All the ‘aching joys’ and ‘dizzy raptures’ of youth were gone and his mind was diverted to
the tragedy of humanity. He gained faith in the dictum which Keats was to
declare after lapse of many years – “Nature may be fine but human nature in
finer still”. For in the interim he had heard the “still sad music of humanity”.
Nature now opens to him the gate of spiritual meditation and suggested to him
the deeper truth of human life
The third stage is marked by his moralistic interpretation
of Nature. Now
he looks at Nature not with a painter’s eye, but as a translator who can
explain its hidden meaning. The poet thought that the beauty of Nature has the
power to lead us from joy to joy, to comfort us, to mould our character and so
to feed our mind with lofty thoughts. Now he experiences a kind of spiritual
uplift, a sublime state of meditation in which he feels within himself a
presence of the Divine spirit that animates mystic thoughts in him. He felt the vibration of the same mighty soul every where,
in the light of the setting sun, in the waves of the sea, in the living air, in
the blue sky and in the mind of man.
Celebrated critic Myers has rightly described Tintern Abbey
as “the consecrated formulary of
Wordsworthian faith.” For the poem formulates the main aspects of
Wordsworth’s nature cried in superb poetic diction, Tintern Abbey is an epitome
of Wordsworth’s philosophy of nature and man.
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